14 Table of Contents ⦁ Member state(s) as co- respondent(s) 38 ⦁ Prior involvement mechanism 41 ⦁ Other ways of involving the CJEU 47 ⦁ Advisory Opinion Procedure (the protocol.no 16) under European Convention of Human Rights 49 ⦁ Purposes 51 ⦁ Fostering judicial dialogue 52 ⦁ Enhancing implementation of the Convention by national courts 53 ⦁ Decrease the workload of the ECtHR in the long term 54 ⦁ Scope 55 ⦁ Competent authorities 55 ⦁ The nature of the questions 57 ⦁ Characteristics 58 ⦁ Procedures 61 ⦁ Legal effects 62 ⦁ General evaluation 64 ⦁ Opinion 2/13 of the Court of Justice of the European Union 71 ⦁ The specific characteristics of the EU law 71 ⦁ Article 53 of ECHR and Article 53 of the EU Charter 72 ⦁ Prior Involvement Procedure 73 ⦁ Co-respondent mechanism 74
Table of Contents 15 ⦁ The Inter-State Disputes 75 ⦁ The protocol 16 and Preliminary Ruling Procedure 77 ⦁ The Author’s View on the Opinion 2/13 of the CJEU 78 CONCLUSION 81 BIBLIOGRAPHY 87
