Climate Change Litigation: A Tool for the Environmental Rule of Law

Duygu KULAÇ

İçindekileri

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD 

7

ABOUT THE BOOK 

9

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

11

ABBREVIATIONS 

13

INTRODUCTION 

15

FIRST CHAPTER

CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION AS A PLANET DEFENDER

1. THE CONCEPT OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION 

17

1. Definition of Climate Change 

17

1. Historical Efforts to Combat Climate Change 

20

1. UNFCCC 

21

2. Kyoto Protocol 

22

3. Copenhagen Accord 

23

4. Paris Agreement 

25

1. The Scope of Climate Change Litigation 

28

1. The Legal Framework of Climate Change Litigation 

30

1. TYPES OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION 

32

1. Climate Change Litigation Against States 

34

1. Weak Legal Framework 

36

1. Neubauer v. Germany Case 

36

1. Urgenda v. State of the Netherlands Case 

38

2. Failure to Adopt 

41

1. Torres Strait Islanders Case 

41

1. KlimaSeniorinnen Case 

45

1. Climate Change Litigation Against Corporations 

48

1. Climate–Related Duties of the Corporations 

57

2. Greenwashing 

61

3. The Personalization of Climate Liability 

66

4. Shareholder Activism 

69

SECOND CHAPTER

ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW AS A BAROMETER FOR ACCOUNTABLE STATES

1. THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW 

75

1. Definition of the Environmental Rule of Law 

75

1. Reasons for the Lack of Adequate Implementation of the

Environmental Rule of Law 

78

1. Relationship Between the Environmental Rule of Law and Human

Rights 

80

1. Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRs) 

82

1. LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY COMMITMENTS OF STATES FOR THE

ENVIRONMENTAL RULE OF LAW 

84

1. Transformation of The States for the New Environmental Era 

84

1. Financial Transformation 

87

2. Procedural Transformation 

89

1. Regular Global Assessment of the Environmental Rule of Law 

93

1. Role of the States in Regulating Corporations 

95

THIRD CHAPTER

THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION ON CLIMATE POLICY MAKING

1. INFORMED AND ENGAGED PUBLIC 

99

1. Rights of Children 

101

1. General Comment No. 26 on Children’s Rights and the

Environment with a Special Focus on Climate Change 

106

1. Cultural Rights of Indigenous People 

107

1. Rights of Nature 

111

1. Gender Equality 

117

1. Feminist Climate Justice 

120

1. ROLE OF THE COURTS IN CLIMATE POLICY–MAKING 

127

III. CLIMATE SCIENCE AS A COMMON LANGUAGE 

131

CONCLUSION 

135

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

139