The Emergence of Hyper-Presidentialism: A Study on Political Opposition in Turkey's New Presidential System

Dr. Gülden Deniz TOKMAK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1
1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF HYPER-PRESIDENTIALISM IN TURKEY
1.1. Understanding Presidentialism and Hyper-Presidentialism
1.1.1. Definition and Characteristics of Presidentialism
1.1.2. Evolution to Hyper-Presidentialism
1.2. Theoretical Framework
1.3. Debating a Presidential System in Turkey
1.3.1. Political Environment Before the Referendum
1.3.2. Referendum Campaign
1.3.3. Referendum or Plebiscite?
1.4. The Constitutional Amendment of 2017
1.5. Conclusion

CHAPTER 2
2. PARLIAMENTARY OPPOSITION
2.1. Contributing Factors to Ensure Parliamentary Majority
2.1.1. Electoral Legislation
2.1.2. Political Party System
2.1.3. Abuse of State Resources and Media During the Election Periods
2.2. Information and Oversight Mechanisms
2.2.1. General Debate and Parliamentary Inquiry
2.2.2. Written Questions
2.2.3. Parliamentary Investigation
2.2.4. Budget
2.2.5. Constitutional Review of Laws and Other Acts of Parliament
2.3. The Effects of Presidential Powers on Legislative Branch
2.3.1. Presidential Power to Legislate
2.3.2. Withdrawal from International Agreements
2.3.3. Power to Veto
2.3.4. Presidential Power to Appoint
2.3.5. Presidential Power to Judicial Appointments
2.3.6. Dismissal of the Legislature
2.4. Judicial Harassment Practices on Parliamentary Opposition
2.4.1. Lifting Parliamentary Immunity
2.4.2. Dissolution of Political Parties
2.4.3. Challenges Faced by Opposition Mayors

CHAPTER 3
3. CIVIL DISSENT
3.1. Legal Regulations to Challenge Civil Dissent
3.1.1. Permanent State of Emergency
3.1.2. Challenges on Civil Society
3.1.3. Censorship
3.2. Policies to Affecting Dissent
3.2.1. Challenges on Press
3.2.2. Challenges to the Academic Freedom
3.2.3. Challenges to Legal Practice
CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY