14 Table of Contents Maritme Areas Subjected to Certain Exculusive Rights of Coastal States 80 The Contiguous Zone 80 Basic Features 80 Sovereign Rights over the Contiguous Zone 80 The Fishery Zone 82 Basic Features 82 Sovereign Rights over the Fishery Zone 83 The Exclusive Economic Zone 83 Basic Features 83 Sovereign Rights over the Exclusive Economic Zone 84 The Continental Shelf 86 Basic Features 86 Sovereign Rights Regarding Continental Shelf 89 Historical Waters 91 Maritime Areas of Islands, Rocks, Low-tide Elevations Artificial Islands and Installations 97 Basic Features 97 Sovereignty over Those Elevations 104 The High Seas 110 Basic Features 110 Sovereign Rights at the High Seas 110 Marine Protected Areas 112 Basic Features 112 Sovereign Rights over the Marine Protected Areas 114 Ice-covered Areas 114 The Area (The Seabed) 115 Basic Features 115 Sovereign Rights at the Area 115 PART II RIGHT TO INTERCEPTION AT SEAS Maritime Areas, Interception and Interdiction 117 Interdiction or Interception 117 Sovereign Maritime Areas 123 Interception in Internal Waters and Territorial Sea 123
Table of Contents 15 Archipelagic Waters. 131 International Straits 132 Maritme Areas Subjected to Certain Exculusive Rights 134 The Contiguous Zone 134 The Fishery Zone 136 The Exclusive Economic Zone 137 The Continental Shelf 141 High Seas. 142 Hot Pursuit 144 Flagless/Stateless Vessels 147 Flying False Flag 148 Piracy 148 Slave Trade 154 Unlawful Acts against Safety of Maritime Navigation 156 Illicit Narcotics Traffic 160 Unauthorized Broadcasting 166 Weapons of Mass Destruction 168 Crimes against Humanity 176 Fishery Management 178 The Area (The Seabed). 187 Interception and Interdiction in Certain Activities 187 Right to Self-defence 187 Hostage Taking 189 Natural and Cultural Heritage 190 Human Trafficking. 191 Migrant Smuggling 193 Evidence for Interception 193 PART III INTERNATIONAL RULES ON INTERDICTION OF VESSELS CARRYING ILLEGAL MIGRANTS OR ASYLUM SEEKERS Some Concepts Relevant to Interdiction at Sea 198 The Concept of Illegal Migration, Smuggling and the Characteristics of Migration at Sea 198 Migrant and Illegal Migrant 198
16 Table of Contents Migrant Smuggling 200 Maritime Frontier 205 Control of Migration 206 The Principle of Non-Refoulement 209 Regulations on Interception of Vessels Carrying Illegal Migrants and Asylum Seekers 215 Basis of Interception of Vessels at Sea Carrying Illegal Migrants or Asylum Seekers 215 Rules Applicable to Different Maritime Areas 219 Internal Waters 219 Territorial Sea 222 Contiguous Zone 231 The EEZ and Continental Shelf 235 High Seas 235 Search and Rescue Operations 247 The EU Response to Migration Influx at the Mediterranean Sea 256 EU Attitude and Regulations on Illegal Migration 256 Frontex as Supranational Law 258 The Readmission Agreements 264 In Lieu of Conclusion: Lacunea regarding Migration Issue 268 Management of Illegal Migration through Sea 269 Protection of Illegal Migrants 273 BIBLIOGRAPHY 279
