%3
Turkish Private Law
Basım Tarihi
2024-01
Sayfa Sayısı
482
Kapak Türü
Karton
Kağıt Türü
1.Hamur
Basım Yeri
Ankara
Stok Kodu
9789750289118
Boyut
16x24
Baskı
3
460,00 TL
446,20 TL
(Bu ürünü aldığınızda 378 puan kazanacaksınız)
378
Mehmet Refik KORKUSUZ
Ferna İpekel KAYALI
İÇİNDEKİLER
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Chapter 1
TURKISH CIVIL LAW
Prof. Dr. Ümit GEZDER Dr. M. Hasanali AKAY Res. Asst. Yasin BÜYÜK Res. Asst. Melike ERGÜN
37
Chapter 2
TURKISH PROPERTY LAW
Prof. Dr. Ümit GEZDER
59
Chapter 3
SELECTED CONTRACTS IN
TURKISH LAW OF OBLIGATIONS
Dr. M. Hasanali AKAY Res. Asst. Murat UÇAK
79
Chapter 4
TURKISH INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Asst. Prof. Dr. Ömer UĞUR
111
Chapter 5
TURKISH COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Res. Asst. Muhammed İsmail ÇEKİÇ Didem YALÇINTAŞ
139
Chapter 6
TURKISH SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Res. Asst. Dr. Ebru YEŞİLMEN
161
Chapter 7
TURKISH LAW ON OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Halit KORKUSUZ
209
Chapter 8
TURKISH LAW OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
Dr. Emin ÇAMURCU
223
Chapter 9
TURKISH COMPANY LAW
Prof. Dr. Ferna İPEKEL KAYALI
239
Chapter 10
TURKISH LAW OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
Att. Hasan Onur AKAY
261
Chapter 11
TURKISH MARITIME LAW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hacı KARA
279
Chapter 12
TURKISH INSURANCE LAW
Res. Asst. Sena YAZICI
349
Chapter 13
TURKISH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Özgür ARIKAN
367
Chapter 14
TURKISH COMPETITION LAW
Prof. Dr. Ferna İPEKEL KAYALI
387
Chapter 15
TURKISH CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW
Dr. Elif Irmak BÜYÜK
413
Chapter 16
TURKISH EXECUTION LAW
Res. Asst. Çağatay Serdar ŞAHİN
451
Att. Nefise Gökçen GÜRCAN
451
Chapter 17
TURKISH BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akif GÜL
469
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
5
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
11
Chapter 1
TURKISH CIVIL LAW
Prof. Dr. Ümit GEZDER Dr. M. Hasanali AKAY Res. Asst. Yasin BÜYÜK Res. Asst. Melike ERGÜN
37
I. History
37
II. Introduction
38
III. Law of Persons
38
A. Beginning and End of Personality:
39
B. Ability to be Subject of the Rights and Obligations:
39
C. Capacity to Act:
40
1. Full Capacity (Art. 9–13 TCC)
40
2.Full Incapacity (Art. 15 TCC)
41
3.Limited Capacity (Art. 16 TCC)
41
IV. Family Law
42
A. Engagement
42
B. Marriage
42
1. Formalities of Marriage
43
2. Marriage Impediments (Art. 129–133 TCC)
43
C. Divorce
44
V. Law of Succession
45
A. Forced Heirs
46
1. Wills and Testamentary Contracts
46
VI. Turkish Obligation Law – General Provisions
47
A. Contracts
47
1. Capacity to Contract
48
2. Formation of the Contract
48
3. Conditions of Validity
49
a. Immorality
49
b. Public Order
49
c. Imperative Rules
49
d. Personal Rights
50
e. Impossibility
50
4. Form of the Contract
50
5. Genuineness of Assent
51
a. Mistake
51
b. Fraud
52
c. Coercion
52
B. Torts
52
1. General
52
2. Conditions
52
3. Compensation
53
C. Unjust Enrichment
53
VII. Special Provisions
53
A. Classification of Contracts That Are Regulated By Special Provisions
54
1. Classification of contracts by their subject and purpose.
54
a. Sales Contracts
54
b. Barter
54
c. Donation Contracts
54
d. Other types of contracts
54
i. Rental Contract
54
ii. Contract of Loan of an Object for Use and Contract of Loan of an Object for Consume
55
e. Contract of bailment
55
f. Contracts of guarantee
55
2. Contracts that are not regulated in the Code
55
a. Combined Contracts
55
b. Mixed Contracts
55
Bibliography
56
Chapter 2
TURKISH PROPERTY LAW
Prof. Dr. Ümit GEZDER
59
I. Generally
59
A. Property right
59
II. Immovable Property
59
III. Real Rights (Rights in Rem)
60
A. Limited rights in rem
60
1. Servitudes
60
2. Real burdens
60
a. Lien
60
b. Mortgage
61
IV. Possession
61
V. Land Register
61
A. Generally
61
B. The role of registration in the transfer of title
61
1. Introduction
61
2. Relevant Turkish rules
62
3.The publicity principle and the registration principle
63
a.The Absolute Registration Principle (absolutes Eintragungsprinzip)
64
(1) Generally
64
(2) Nature and meaning of this principle
66
(3) The reason for the absolute registration principle
66
(4) Transfer of ownership of real estate through land registration (the field of application of the absolute registration principle)
66
(a) Generally
66
(b) Elements of the transfer
67
b. The relative registration principle (relative Eintragungsprinzips)
74
4. Conclusion
74
Bibliography
76
Chapter 3
SELECTED CONTRACTS IN TURKISH LAW OF
OBLIGATIONS
Dr. M. Hasanali AKAY Res. Asst. Murat UÇAK
79
SECTION I CONTRACT FOR WORK AND SERVICES
79
I. General
79
II. Definition
79
III. Obligations of the Contractor
80
A. Duty of Care
80
B. Duty of Loyalty
81
C. Obligation Regarding the Material
81
D. Commencement of the Work and Performance of the Work Related with the Contract
82
E. Liability for Defect
83
IV. Obligations of the Customer
84
A. Payment
84
1. Due Date for Payment
84
2. Lump Sum Price
84
3. Price Ad Valorem
85
V. Termination of the Contract
85
A. Exceeding the Approximate Price (Art. 482 CO)
85
B. Destruction of the Work (Art. 483 CO)
86
C. Withdrawal in Return for Indemnity (Art. 484 CO)
86
D. Impossibility of the Performance of the Work Because of the Customer (Art. 485 CO)
86
E. DeathIncapacity of the Contractor (Art. 486 CO)
87
SECTION II GENERAL EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
87
I. Definition
87
II. Elements of the Employment Contract
87
A. Obligation to Work
87
B. To Undertake the Performance of the Work for a LimitedUnlimited Period
88
C. Payment
88
D. Dependency Relation
88
E. Agreement
89
III. Obligations of the Employee
89
A. Duty to Assume the Tasks in Person
89
B. Compliance with General Directives and Instructions
89
C. Duty of Care
90
D. Duty of Loyalty
90
E. Disclosure and Handing Over of Benefits Received and of the Work Produced
91
F. Duty to Work Overtime
92
IV. Obligations of the Employer
92
A. Payment of Wages
92
B. Obligation to Provide Tools and Material
93
C. Obligation to Bear the Expenses
93
D. Obligation of the Employer Related to the Protection of the Employee’s Personality Rights
93
E. Obligation to Comply with the Employee’s Right to Holiday and Leave
94
V. Termination of the Employment Contract
95
A. Termination of the Fixed–Term Employment Contract
95
B. Termination of the Employment Contract with Indefinite Term
95
C. Rightful Termination of the Employment Contract
96
D. Termination of the Employment Contract Upon Death
97
SECTION III LEASE CONTRACT
97
I. Definition and Parties of the Lease
97
II. Term of the Lease
98
III. Obligations of the LandlordLessor
98
VI. Obligations of the LesseeTenant
99
V. Special Cases
100
VI. End of Lease
102
VII. Provisions Related to Commercial and Residential Premises
103
SECTION IV CONTRACT OF MANDATE
106
I. Definition and Scope of Application
106
II. Obligations of the Mandatary
107
III. Obligations of the Mandator
108
IV. Termination of the Mandate
109
Bibliography
110
Chapter 4
TURKISH INDIVIDUAL LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Asst. Prof. Dr. Ömer UĞUR
111
SECTION I GENERAL
111
I. Basic Concepts of Individual Labour Law
111
A. Employee
111
B. Employer
112
C. Apprentice (Çırak)
113
D. Intern (Stajyer)
113
E. Contract of Employment (İş Sözleşmesi)
114
II. Scope of the Labour Code
114
A. Works within the Scope of the Labour Code
114
B. Works outside the Scope of the Labour Code
115
SECTION II TYPES OF CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
117
I. General
117
II. Transitory and Permanent Contract of Employment
117
A. Transitory Contract of Employment (Süreksiz İş Sözleşmesi)
118
B. Permanent Contract of Employment (Sürekli İş Sözleşmesi)
118
C. Consequences of the Distinction between Transitory and Permanent Contract of Employment
118
III. Contract of Employment with Indefinite Term and Definite Term
118
A. Contract of Employment with an Indefinite Term (Belirsiz Süreli İş Sözleşmesi)
119
B. Contract of Employment with a Definite Term (Belirli Süreli İş Sözleşmesi)
119
1. Legal ments of the Contract of Employment with a Definite Term
119
IV. Part Time and Full Time Contract of Employment
120
V. Contract of Employment with Trial Period (Deneme Süreli İş Sözleşmesi)
121
SECTION III TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
122
I. Situations Resulting in the Termination of the Contract of Employment
122
A. Mutual Rescission (İkale)
122
B. End of the Fixed Term
122
C. Death
123
II. Termination of the Contract of Employment upon Notice (İş Sözleşmesinin Bildirimli Feshi)
123
A. General
123
B. Termination Notice Periods (Fesih Bildirim Süreleri)
124
III. Termination of the Contract of Employment upon Notice that Contains a Valid Ground (İş Sözleşmesinin Geçerli Nedenle Feshi)
125
A. General
125
B. Valid Grounds for Termination
125
IV. Rightful Termination of the Contract of Employment (İş Sözleşmesinin Haklı Nedenle Feshi)
126
A. General
126
B. Termination of the Contract by Employees
127
1. Health issues
127
2. Situations that are against the moral rules and good faith
127
3. Act of providence
128
C. Termination of the Contract by Employers
128
1. Health issues
128
2. Situations that are against the moral rules and good faith
129
3. Act of providence
130
4. Absence due to an arrestdetention
130
V. Results of the Termination of the Contract of Employment
131
A. Severance Pay (Kıdem Tazminatı)
131
B. Pay in Lieu of Notice (İhbar Tazminatı)
132
C. Payment of Annual Paid Leave (Yıllık Ücretli İzin Ücreti)
132
D. Reemployment Lawsuit (İşe İade Davası)
133
SECTION IV LABOUR JUDICIARY
133
I. General
133
II. Competence and Venue
134
A. Competence (Görev)
134
B. Venue (Yetki)
134
III. Procedure
135
A. Mandatory Mediation (Zorunlu Arabuluculuk)
135
B. Trials (Yargılama)
136
Bibliography
137
Chapter 5
TURKISH COLLECTIVE LABOUR LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Res. Asst. Muhammed İsmail ÇEKİÇ Didem YALÇINTAŞ
139
SECTION I UNIONS
140
I. The Concept of Union and Its Structure
140
A. Definition and Features of Unions
140
B. Formation of Unions
141
C. Membership of Unions
142
D. Organs of Unions
143
II. Trade Union Freedom
144
A. Trade Union Freedom and Its Features
144
B. Protection of Trade Union Freedom
145
1. Safeguards Provided for Workers’ Organization Officials (İşçi Kuruluşu Yöneticiliğinin Güvencesi)
145
2. Protection of Shop Stewards (İşyeri Sendika Temsilciliğinin Güvencesi)
146
3. Safeguards Provided for Trade Union Membership
147
SECTION II COLLECTIVE LABOUR AGREEMENT
147
I. Definition and Properties of Collective Labour Agreements
147
II. Types of Collective Labour Agreements
148
A. Workplace Collective Labour Agreement
148
B. Group Collective Labour Agreement
149
C. Enterprise Collective Labour Agreement
149
D. Framework Agreement
149
III. Capacity and Competence to Conclude a Collective Labour Agreement
150
IV. Collective Bargaining Process (Toplu Görüşme Süreci)
151
A. Invitation to Collective Bargaining
151
B. Negotiations
152
V. Strikes, Lock–Outs and Their Exceptions
153
A. Decision to StrikeLock–out
153
B. Strike Ballot
154
C. Prohibition and Suspension of Strikes and Lock–Outs
155
D. Execution of Strikes and Lock–Outs
156
E. Effects of Lawful StrikesLock–Outs on Individual Employment Contracts
156
F. Consequences of an Unlawful StrikeLock–Out
157
G. Termination of Strikes and Lock–Outs
157
Bibliography
159
Chapter 6
TURKISH SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Res. Asst. Dr. Ebru YEŞİLMEN
161
SECTION I INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
161
I. Concept of Social Insurance
161
II. Models Affecting Social Security Perception
162
A. The Bismarck Model
162
B. Beveridge Model
163
C. Private Insurance Model
163
III. Techniques Used For Social Insurance
163
IV. Attributes of Social Insurance
164
V. The Social Insurance Institution
164
VI. Financing of Social Security
165
SECTION II FIELD OF APPLICATION OF SOCIAL INSURANCES
168
I. Field of Application in Terms of Persons
168
A. Individuals Who Are Deemed to be Insured
168
1. Insurance of Individuals Working Dependently
168
2. Insurance of Independent Workers
171
3. Insurance of Public Servants
172
4. Insurance of Foreigners
173
B. Insurance Holders Who Are Deemed Partly Insured
175
C. Individuals Who Are Not Deemed to be Insurance Holders
177
II. Notification of the Beginning of Insurance
179
III.Determination of Insurance by Judicial Decision (Service Detection Actions)
181
IV. Overlap of Insurance Situations
182
V. Consolidation of Insurance Periods
183
VI. Voluntary Insurance
184
A. General
184
B. ments for Voluntary Insurance
185
C. Principles of Voluntary Insurance
186
D. Termination of Voluntary Insurance
186
VII. Scope of Application in Terms of Location
187
SECTION III TYPES OF SOCIAL INSURANCE
187
I. Work Accident and Occupational Disease Insurance
188
II. Illness Insurance
191
III. Maternity Insurance
191
IV. Invalidity Insurance
192
V. Old–Age Insurance
193
VI. Survivors’ Insurance
194
VII. Unemployment Insurance
194
VIII. General Health Insurance
195
SECTION IV RIGHT OF RECOURSE IN SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
195
SECTION V SERVICE OWING
198
I. Periods That Can Be Owed
198
A. Unpaid Maternity Leave Periods and Postnatal Periods
199
B. Military Service Period
200
C. Incomplete Periods of Those Who Work Under a Part–Time Employment Contract
200
II. Principles
201
III. Owing Services Abroad
202
SECTION VI SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES
202
I. Social Assistance
202
II. Social Services
203
III. Nongovernmental Organizations and Social Security
204
SECTION VII PRIVATE PENSION SYSTEM
204
Bibliography
206
Chapter 7
TURKISH LAW ON OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY
Prof. Dr. M. Refik KORKUSUZ Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Halit KORKUSUZ
209
SECTION I TASKS OF THE STATE
209
I. Importance of Ensuring Occupational Health and Safety
209
II. Constitutional Basis of Occupational Health and Safety
209
III. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
210
IV. National Council of Occupational Health and Safety
210
V. Insurance Premium Reinforcement System
210
VI. Inspection of Occupational Health and Safety
210
SECTION II EMPLOYERS’ DUTIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSITE
211
I. Employers’ Duties
211
A. Duty to Take All Necessary Precautions
211
B. Duty to Supervise
211
C. Duty of Training and Informing
211
D. Duty to Perform Risk Assessment
212
E. Duty to Perform Healthcare Supervision
212
F. Duty to Report Work Accident and Record–Keeping
213
G. Other Duties
213
II. Organization of the Worksite about Occupational Health and Safety
213
A. Committee of Occupational Health and Safety (İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kurulu)
213
B. Occupational Safety Experts (İş Güvenliği Uzmanları)
214
C. Occupational Physicians (İşyeri Hekimleri)
214
D. Worksite Health and Safety Unit (İşyeri Sağlık ve Güvenlik Birimi) and Health and Safety Joint Unit (Ortak Sağlık ve Güvenlik Birimi)
215
SECTION III EMPLOYEES’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
215
I. Employees’ Rights
215
A. Right to Abstain from Work
216
B. Right to Participate
217
C. Right to File a Complaint to Administrative Authorities (İhbar Hakkı)
217
D. Right to Terminate the Employment Contract with Valid Reason
218
II. Employees’ Duties
218
SECTION IV OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SANCTIONS
219
I. Administrative Sanctions
220
A. Administrative Fines
220
B. Suspension of the work
220
C. Disqualification from tendering
220
II. Penal Sanctions
221
III.Legal Sanctions
221
Bibliography
222
Chapter 8
TURKISH LAW OF COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
Dr. Emin ÇAMURCU
223
SECTION I COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
223
I. Elements of Commercial Enterprise
224
A. Aiming to Produce an Income Higher Than the Artisan Enterprise
224
B. Continuity
224
C. Independence
224
II. Contracts Related with Commercial Enterprises
225
SECTION II NOTIONS RELATED TO COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE
225
I. Merchant
225
A. Identifying a Merchant
226
1. Natural Persons
226
2. Legal Persons
226
B. Consequences of Being a Merchant
227
1. Bankruptcy
227
2. Role of Commercial Usage and Custom
227
3. Impossibility to Request Reduction of the FeeContractual Penalty
228
4. Right to Demand Payment of a Remuneration and Interest
228
II. Commercial Affair (Ticari İş)
228
A. Presumption of Commercial Affair
229
B. Consequences of Qualifying an Affair as Commercial Affair
230
1. Presumption of Joint Liability
230
2. Interest in Commercial Affairs
230
3. Statute of Limitation Periods in Commercial Affairs
231
III. Commercial Clauses
231
IV. Merchant Assistants
233
A. Commercial Representative (Ticari Temsilci)
233
B. Commercial Delegate (Ticari Vekil)
234
C. Agent (Acente)
235
Bibliography
237
Chapter 9
TURKISH COMPANY LAW
Prof. Dr. Ferna İPEKEL KAYALI
239
SECTION I OVERVIEW OF COMPANY LAW IN TURKEY
239
I. General
239
II. Commercial Companies
240
SECTION II CAPITAL COMPANIES
241
I. Joint Stock Companies
241
A. General Assembly
242
B. Board of Directors
247
C. Shareholders’ Rights
250
1. Personal Rights of the Shareholders
250
a. Right of participation in the GM:
250
b. Right to vote:
250
c. Right to information and examination:
250
d. Right to request the appointment of special audit:
251
e. Right to request the nullity of GM resolutions:
252
2. Financial Rights of the Shareholders
252
D. Share Transfer
252
II. Limited Liability Companies
253
A. General Assembly
254
B. Directors
257
C. Share Transfer
258
Bibliography
259
Chapter 10
TURKISH LAW OF NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS
Att. Hasan Onur AKAY
261
SECTION I GENERAL
261
I. Definition and Legislation
261
II. Elements and Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments
262
A. Elements of Negotiable Instruments
262
B. Characteristics of Negotiable Instruments
263
III. Classification of Negotiable Instruments
263
A. Classification Based on the Right Embodied in the Instrument
264
1. Instruments Embodying a Monetary Claim (Alacak Senetleri)
264
2. Commodity Instruments (Emtia Senetleri)
264
3. Equity/Share Instruments (Pay Senetleri)
264
4. Instruments That Serve to Participate in Capital Companies (Ortaklığa Katılma Senetleri)
264
5. Combined Instruments (Karma Nitelikli Senetler)
265
B. Classification Based on the Transfer Procedure of the Instrument
265
1. Registered Negotiable Instruments (Nama Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak)
265
2. Negotiable Instruments Payable to Order (Emre Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak)
265
3. Negotiable Instruments Payable to Bearer (Hamile/Hamiline Yazılı Kıymetli Evrak)
266
SECTION II COMMERCIAL PAPERS
266
I. General
266
II. Bills of Exchange
267
A. Form of a Bill of Exchange
267
B. Transfer of Bills of Exchange
268
C. Acceptance (Kabul)
270
D. Recourse for Non–AcceptanceNon–Payment
271
E. Period of Limitation
271
III. Promissory Notes
271
A. General
271
B. Form of a Promissory Note
272
C. Period of Limitation
272
IV. Checks
273
A. General
273
B. Form of a Check
273
C. Period of Presentation
275
D. Transfer of Checks
276
E. Recourse for Non–AcceptanceNon–Payment
276
F. Period of Limitation
276
Bibliography
277
Chapter 11
TURKISH MARITIME LAW
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hacı KARA
279
SECTION I SOURCES OF TURKISH MARITIME LAW AND THE STRUCTURE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
279
I. Sources of Turkish Maritime Law
279
A. Turkish Commercial Code
279
B. International Conventions
280
C. Other National Legislation
281
II. The Structure Turkish Maritime Administration
282
SECTION II SHIP AND OWNERSHIP OF A SHIP
285
I. Definition and Legal Nature of a Ship
285
A. Definition
285
B. The Legal Nature of a Ship
286
C. Some Elements Determining the Identity of a Ship
287
1. Name of the Ship
287
2. Flag of the Ship
287
a. General
287
b. Vessels which have the right to hoist a Turkish flag
288
ba. Ships owned by real persons
288
bb. Ships owned by the association of ship owners
288
bba. Ships owned legal entities
288
bbb. Ships owned by commercial companies
288
c. Temporary hoisting of a foreign flag by Turkish vessels
289
d. Temporary hoisting of a Turkish flag by foreign vessels
289
3. Ship’s (Vessel’s) Home Port
289
4. Ship’s Tonnage
290
5. Ship’s Class
290
6. Ship Registry
290
a. National Ship Registry
290
aa. Ship Registry Directorate
291
ab. Scope of the Registry
291
aba. Ships which can lawfully be registered with the Ship Registry
291
abb. Ships which cannot be registered with the Ship Registry
292
b. Registry for Ships under Construction
292
c. Turkish International Ship Registry (TISR)
292
ca. ments to register in the TISR
292
cb. Financial Rules relating to TISR
293
cba. Dues regarding vessels registered with the TISR
293
cbb. Financial facilities provided to vessels registered with the TISR
294
d. Mooring Log
295
II. Ownership of a Vessel
295
A. Exercitor Navis (Donatan)
296
1. Cases Which Result in the Liability of the Owner
296
a. Owner’s Liability Arising from the Fault of the Crew Members
296
b. Owner’s Liability Arising from the Transactions Carried out by the Master
296
c. Limitation of the Master’s Liability
296
2. Owner’s Liability for Tortious Acts
296
3. Authorized Court for Actions to Be Filed Against the Owner
296
B. Ship Operator (Disponent Owner)
297
C. Partnership Operating a Ship (Joint Ownership)
297
III. Limited Real Rights on Ships
297
A. Ship Pledge
297
1. The Pledge of not Registered Ships in Ship Registry
297
2. Pledge of Ships Registered in the Registry
297
a. Legal Mortgage Right of Shipyard Owner
297
aa. Deion
297
ab. Scope
298
ac. Duration
298
b. Contractual Mortgage Right
298
B. Ship Mortgage
298
1. Legal Nature
298
3. Establishment
299
4. Types of Mortgage
299
a. Ship Mortgage Together
299
b. Upper Limit Mortgage
299
c. Foreign Currency Mortgage
299
d. Fixed Value Mortgage
299
e. Mortgage of Negotiable Instruments
300
f. Building Mortgage
300
5. The Secured Receivables by Ship Mortgage
300
6. Scope of Mortgage
300
7. Assignment and ment of Ship Mortgage
300
9. End of Ship Mortgage
301
a. Expiration of Receivable
301
b. Waiver to Claimant’s
301
c. Merger of the creditor and the ownerthe creditor and debtor adjectives in the same person
301
d. In the Mortgage of the Ship Together Payment of the Owner to the Creditor
301
e. Be Timebared of Right of the Creditor's Against the Ship Owner
302
f. Sale of the Ship through Execution
302
III. Mortgages on Ships in Construction
302
1. Subject of the Mortgage
302
2. Establisment of Mortgage
302
IV. Usufruct Right on Ships
303
SECTION III MASTER
303
I. General
303
II. Master’s Duties
303
III. Master’s Powers
305
A. To Represent the Owner
305
1. When the Ship is at the Home Port
305
2. Whilst the Ship is Outside the Home Port
305
B. Credit Transactions
305
C. Undertaking for Foreign Exchanges
306
D. LimitationsRemoval of the Master’s Power of Representation
306
E. Master’s Power to Represent the Persons Interested with the Cargo
306
1. Duty to Protect the Interests of the Persons Interested with the Cargo
306
2. Master’s Power to Dispose of the Goods
307
IV. Master’s Duties and Rights
307
A. Duties AgainstThird Parties
307
B. Duties Against the Owner
307
1. Duty to Give Information to the Owner
307
2. Duty to Hand Over the Freight and Other Sums to the Owner
308
3. Prohibition to Load Cargo on His Own Account
308
SECTION IV MARITIME TRADE CONTRACTS
308
I. Bareboat Charter Party
308
A. Definition and Its Elements
309
1. Definition
309
2. Elements of the Definition
309
B. Provisions of the Bareboat Charter
309
1. Rights of the Charterer
309
a. Right to use the ship
309
b. Right to request the registration of the charter in the ship registry
310
c. Right to request the delivery of the chartered vessel
310
2. Obligations of the Charterer
310
a. Obligation to pay the rent
310
b. Employment of the seamen
310
c. Reimbursement of the expenditures
310
d. Insurance
311
e. Claims arising from the operation of the ship
311
f. Re–delivery of the vessel
311
II. Time Charter Party
311
A. Definition and Its Elements
311
1. Definition
311
2. Legal Nature
311
3. Elements of the Definition
313
B. Rights and Obligations of the Parties
313
1. To undertake the technical management of the ship
313
2. Commercial management of the ship
313
3. To meet the outgoings
313
C. Obligation to pay a fee and its guarantee
314
D. Liability of the allocated party and his obligation to deliver the ship
314
III. Contract of Affreightment
314
A. Definition and Types of Affreightment Contracts
314
1. Definition
314
2. Types
315
a. Voyage Charter
315
aa. Full Charter
315
ab. Partial Charter
315
b. Contracts in Liner Shipping
315
B. Main Freight Contracts and Sub–Freight Contracts
315
C. Parties to the Affreightment Contract
316
1. Carrier
316
2. Charterer
316
D. Other Persons Interested with the Cargo
317
1. Shipper
317
2. Consignee (Receiver)
317
E. Execution of the Carriage and Its Phases
317
1. Loading
317
a. Loading Place
318
b. Loading Period
318
ba. Calculation of the Loading Period
318
bb. Cases which are not accepted as loading period
318
c. Demurrage Period
318
d. Loading Expenses
319
2. Discharge
319
a. Discharge Expenses
319
b. Discharge Period
319
c. Non–discharge of the cargo
320
F. Liability of the Carrier
320
1. Liability for the Irregularities Occurred at the Outset
320
2. Liability of the Carrier for Loss ofDamage to Cargofor Late Delivery
321
3. Special Situations
321
a. Loading the cargo to another ship and transhipment
321
b. Loading onto deck without permission
322
c. Unjust deviation
322
4. Duration for Which the Carrier is Liable
322
G. Carriage Documents
322
1. Bill of Lading (B/L)
323
2. Sea Waybill
323
H. Duration for Acceptance of Delay and the Loss of Goods
323
IV. Contract of Carriage of Passengers
323
A. Definitions
324
1. Contract of Carriage of Passengers by Sea
324
2. Carrier and Actual Carrier
324
3. Passenger
324
4. Baggage
324
5. Defects of the Ship
325
B. Time Bar
325
SECTION V MARINE ACCIDENTS
325
I. General Average
325
A. Definitions and Its Elements
325
1. Definition
325
2. Elements of General Average
326
B. Substitution Expenses
326
C. Dispatch
327
1. The person responsible for making the dispatch
327
2. Determination of the Dispatcher
327
3. Opposition to the dispatch
327
D. Debtors of the Dispatch Shares and Security
328
1. Debtors of the Dispatch Shares
328
2. Guarantee
328
E. Time Bar
328
II. Collision
328
A. Definition of Collision and Its Types
329
1. Definition
329
2. Types of Collision
329
a. Collision without fault
329
b. Collision by fault
329
ba. Collision by unilateral fault
329
bb. Collision by bilateral fault
329
c. Comparative Collision
330
B. Damages to Be Indemnified as a Result of Collision
330
1. Material Damages
330
2. Bodily Damages
330
C. Time Bar
331
III. Salvage
331
A. Definitions
331
1. Salvage Operation
331
2. Water Vehicle
332
3. Goods
332
B. Salvage Contract
332
1. Salvage Contract and its Scope
332
2. The Provisions Which Could Not Be Changed
332
C. Obligations of the Parties
332
1. Obligations of the Salvor
332
2. Obligations of the Ownerthe Master of the Ship Under Danger and the Cargo Owners
333
D. Salvage Fee
333
1. Scope of the Salvage Fee
333
2. Criteria for the Determination of the Salvage Fee
334
3. Persons Liable for Salvage Fee
334
E. Time Bar
335
SECTION VI MARITIME LIENS AND ENFORCEMENT
335
I. Maritime Liens
335
A. Notion of Maritime Lien
336
B. Claims Granting a Right of Maritime Lien
336
II. Maritime Enforcement
337
A. Maritime Claims
337
B. Taking Maritime Claims under Guarantee
339
1. Precautionary Attachment
339
2. Conditions Applicable to the Precautionary Attachment
339
C. Competent Court
340
1. About the precautionary attachment decision
340
a. Before filing a lawsuit
340
aa. For Turkish flag vessels
340
ab. For foreign flag vessels
340
b. After filing a lawsuit
340
2. About the Oppositions to the Lien
340
3. About the Enforcement
341
4. About the Indemnity Action filed due to Unjust Precautionary Attachment
341
D. The Claimant’s Guarantee
341
SECTION VII LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND COMPENSATION OF LOSSES ARISING FROM OIL POLLUTION
342
I. Liability For Sea Pollution
342
II. Limitation of Liability
342
Bibliography
344
Chapter 12
TURKISH INSURANCE LAW
Res. Asst. Sena YAZICI
349
SECTION I INTRODUCTION
349
SECTION II THE INSURANCE ACT (LAW NO. 5684)
350
I. Insurance and Reinsurance Companies (Sigorta ve Reasürans Şirketleri)
350
II. Intermediaries (Sigorta Aracıları)
351
III. Supervision
352
IV. Assurance Account (Güvence Hesabı)
352
V. Insurance Arbitration Scheme (Sigorta Tahkim Sistemi)
352
SECTION III INSURANCE CONTRACTS
354
I. General Provisions
354
A. Obligations and Duties of the Insurer
355
1. Obligation to carry the risk
355
2. Pre–contractual information duty
356
3. Obligation to issue and deliver policy
357
4. Obligation to pay expenses
357
5. Obligation to pay indemnity
357
B. Obligations and Duties of the Insured
358
1. Obligation to pay premium
358
2. Duty of disclosure
358
3. Duty to Provide Information and to Allow Investigation
359
4. Duty to Prevent LossIncrease in Loss
360
II. Special Provisions
360
A. Indemnity Insurances (Zarar Sigortaları)
361
1. Property Insurance (Mal Sigortası)
361
2. Liability Insurance (SorumlulukSigortası)
362
B. Personal Insurances (Can Sigortaları)
363
1. Life Insurance (Hayat Sigortası)
363
2. Accident Insurance (Kaza Sigortası)
364
3. Sickness Insurance and Health Insurance (Hastalık ve Sağlık Sigortası)
364
Bibliography
365
Chapter 13
TURKISH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Özgür ARIKAN
367
SECTION 1 TRADE MARK LAW
368
I. Definition and Registrability of Trade Mark
369
II. Persons Who Are Entitled to Protection
370
III. Functions of Trade Mark
370
IV. Registration of Trade Mark
371
V. Absolute and Relative Grounds for Refusal
372
VI. Trade Mark Protection
375
VII. Duration of Trade Mark Registration
377
SECTION 2 PATENT LAW
377
I. Patentability
378
II. Registration, Grant and Ownership of Patent
379
III. Employee Inventions
380
IV. Duration
382
V. Protection of Patent
382
SECTION 3 DESIGN LAW
383
I. Definition and Registrability of Design
383
II. Protection of Design
384
III. Duration of Design Protection
385
IV. Right to the Design and Employee Designs
385
Bibliography
386
Chapter 14
TURKISH COMPETITION LAW
Prof. Dr. Ferna İPEKEL KAYALI
387
I. GENERAL
387
A. Competition Authority
387
1. Competition Board
388
2. Legal Nature and Judicial Review of the Decisions of the Competition Board
389
B. Sources of Competition Law
389
C. Relationship Between Competition Law and Unfair Competition
389
II. AGREEMENTS, DECISIONS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES RESTRICTING COMPETITION
390
A. Agreements, Concerted Practices and Decisions of Associations of Undertakings
390
1. Agreement
391
2. Concerted Practice
392
3. Decision of an Association of Undertakings
393
a. Association of Undertakings
393
b. Decision of an Association of Undertakings
393
B. Examples of Anti–Competitive Agreements
394
C. Exemption
395
III. ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION
397
A. Dominant Position
397
B. Examples of Abuse of Dominant Position
398
IV. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
399
A. Transactions Treated as Mergers and Acquisitions
399
1. Mergers
399
2. Acquisitions
400
3. Joint Ventures
402
a.Full–Function Joint Ventures
403
b.Non Full–Function Joint Ventures
403
B. Authorization System
404
V. PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF COMPETITION LAW
405
Bibliography
409
Chapter 15
TURKISH CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW
Dr. Elif Irmak BÜYÜK
413
I. General
413
II. Competence and Venue: Where to Commence an Action
414
A. Jurisdictional Branches and Court Organization
414
B. Competence and Venue
415
III. Lawsuit
417
A. General
417
B. Parties
418
C. Phases of a Lawsuit
419
1. Exchange of Petitions (Pleading) Phase (DilekçelerAşaması)
419
2. Preliminary Investigation Phase (Ön İnceleme Aşaması)
421
3. Investigation Phase (Tahkikat)
422
a. Evidence
422
4. Oral Hearings and Rendering of the Verdict (Sözlü Yargılama ve Hükmün Verilmesi)
425
IV. Interim Measures (Geçici Hukuki Korumalar)
425
V. Legal Avenues (Kanun Yolu)
427
A. General
427
B. Appeal Procedure in the CCP No 6100
428
C. Appeal Procedure in the –former– CCP No 1086
431
VI. Arbitration
433
A. General
433
B. Arbitration Agreement
434
1. General
434
2. Written Form
434
3. Subject
434
C. Effect of the Arbitration Agreement
435
D. Arbitration Procedure
435
1. Commencing of Arbitration
435
2. Term of Arbitration
436
3. Termination of the Arbitration Proceeding
436
E. Action for Annulment
436
VII. Mediation
437
A. General
437
B. Scope of the Law on Mediation in Civil Disputes
439
C. Basic Principles
439
1. Voluntary Participation and Equality
439
2. Confidentiality
439
3. Inability to Use Statements and Documents
440
D. Mediation Activity
440
E. Completion of Mediation
442
F. Enforceability
443
G. Mandatory Mediation in Turkish Law
443
1. Mandatory Mediation in Labor Disputes
444
2. Mandatory Mediation in Commercial Disputes
445
3. Mandatory Mediation in Consumer Disputes
445
4. Mediation As a Condition Of Lawsuit In Some Disputes
446
Bibliography
448
Chapter 16
TURKISH EXECUTION LAW
Res. Asst. Çağatay Serdar ŞAHİN
451
Att. Nefise Gökçen GÜRCAN
451
SECTION I GENERAL FEATURES OF EXECUTION LAW
451
I. Introduction
451
II. Scope of Application
452
III. Basic Concepts and Organization of Turkish Execution Law
453
A. Credit–Debt and Creditor–Debtor in the EBC
453
B. Executive Organization
453
1. Execution Offices (Art. 1 EBC) (İcra Daireleri)
454
2. Execution Courts (Art. 4 EBC) (İcra Mahkemeleri)
454
3. Relevant Chambers of the Supreme Court
455
IV. Complaint Procedure (Art. 16 – 18 EBC) (Şikâyet)
456
A. Legal Character and Function of the Complaint Procedure
456
B. Grounds for Complaint
457
1. Unlawfulness of the Actions of Execution Offices
457
2. Inappropriateness of the Act to the Circumstances
457
3. Failure to Implement a Right
458
4. Impediment of Observance of a Right Without a Cause
458
C. Procedure
458
1. Limitation Period
458
2. Competence and Venue
459
SECTION II TYPES AND STAGES OF EXECUTION PROCEEDINGS
459
I. Types of Execution Proceedings
459
A. General
459
B. General Attachment Procedure (Art. 46–144 EBC) (Genel Haciz Yoluyla Takip)
460
1. Request for Execution (Art. 58 EBC) (TakipTalebi)
461
2. Order of Payment (Art. 60–61 EBC) (ÖdemeEmri)
461
3. Attachment (Art. 78 et seq. EBC)
462
4. Sale of the Attached Goods (Art. 106–137 EBC)
463
5. Reimbursement of the Creditor (Art. 138–144/a EBC)
464
II. Provisional Attachment Procedure (İhtiyati Haciz)
464
A. General
464
B. Definition and Legal Character of Provisional Attachment
464
C. Conditions of Provisional Attachment
465
1. Provisional Attachment for Due Debts
465
2. Provisional Attachment for Deferred Debts
465
D. Procedure
466
Bibliography
468
Chapter 17
TURKISH BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY LAW
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akif GÜL
469
SECTION I TURKISH BANKRUPTCY LAW
469
I. General
469
II. Bankruptcy Bodies
470
A. Official Bodies
470
1. Fundamental Official Bodies
471
a. Execution Office
471
b. Bankruptcy Office
471
c. Execution Court
472
d. Commercial Court of First Instance
472
e. The Regional Court of Justice
472
f. The Court of Appeal
472
2. Subsidiary Official Bodies
472
B. Non–Official Bodies
472
III. Grounds for Bankruptcy
473
SECTION II
475
CONCORDAT
475
I. General
475
II. Concordat Request
476
III. Temporary Respite and its Consequences
476
IV. Final Respite and its Consequences
477
V. Approval of Concordat and its Consequences
478
VI. Termination of Concordat
480
SECTION III ACTION FOR RESCISSION OF DISPOSITION – ACTIO PAULIANA (TASARRUFUN İPTALİ DAVASI)
480
Bibliography
482
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